১৯৪৭-১৯৯১ সাল পর্যন্ত চলা মার্কিন যুক্তরাষ্ট্র এবং সোভিয়েত ইউনিয়ন এর অভ্যন্তরীণ টানাপোড়েন স্নায়ুযুদ্ধ (Cold War) দ্বিতীয় বিশ্বযুদ্ধ-পরবর্তী সময়ে মার্কিন যুক্তরাষ্ট্র ও তার মিত্রসমূহ এবং সোভিয়েত ইউনিয়ন ও তার মিত্রসমূহের মধ্যকার টানাপোড়েনের নাম। ১৯৪০-এর দশকের মাঝামাঝি থেকে ১৯৮০ দশকের শেষ পর্যন্ত এর বিস্তৃতি ছিল। প্রায় পাঁচ দশকব্যাপী সময়কালে এই দুই শক্তিশালী দেশের মধ্যকার তীব্র প্রতিদ্বন্দ্বিতা ও রাজনৈতিক মতানৈক্য আন্তর্জাতিক রাজনীতির চেহারা নিয়ন্ত্রণ করত। মার্কিন যুক্তরাষ্ট্র ও তার মিত্র দেশসমূহ ছিল গণতন্ত্র ও পুঁজিবাদের পক্ষে; আর সোভিয়েত ইউনিয়ন ও তার মিত্র সশসমূহ ছিল সাম্যবাদ বা সমাজতন্ত্রপন্থী । স্নায়ুযুদ্ধের সময় যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের প্রধান প্রধান মিত্র ছিল যুক্তরাজ্য, ফ্রান্স, পশ্চিম জার্মানি জাপান ও কানাডা। আর সোভিয়েত ইউনিয়নের পক্ষে ছিল পূর্ব ইউরোপের অনেক রাষ্ট্র, যেমন বুলগেরিয়া, চেকোস্লোভাকিয়া, হাঙ্গেরি, পোল্যান্ড, পূর্ব জার্মানি ও রোমানিয়া। স্নায়ুযুদ্ধের কিছুকাল যাবৎ কিউবা এবং চীন সোভিয়েতদের সমর্থন দেয়।যে সমস্ত দেশ দুই পক্ষের কাউকেই সরকারিভাবে সমর্থন করত না, তাদেরকে নিরপেক্ষ দেশ বলা হত। তৃতীয় বিশ্বের নিরপেক্ষ সেগুলি জোট নিরপেক্ষ দেশগুলি জোট আন্দোলনের অংশ ছিল। অবশেষে ১৯৯১ সালে সোভিয়েত ইউনিয়নের নাটকীয় পরিবর্তন ও পতনের মধ্য দিয়ে এই যুদ্ধের সমাপ্তি হয় ।
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আমাদের অল-ইন-ওয়ান মোবাইল অ্যাপের মাধ্যমে সীমাহীন শেখার সুযোগ উপভোগ করুন।
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